Restorative Justice and Social Justice: theoretical, epistemological, and political dimensions

Abstract

This article analyzes Restorative Justice (RJ) as an ethical, political, and pedagogical paradigm of social reconstruction, in contrast to the traditional retributive model. Based on the National Council of Justice Resolution No. 225/2016, RJ is presented not only as a conflict resolution technique but as a project of cultural and social transformation guided by human dignity, shared responsibility, and a culture of peace. The study articulates theoretical contributions from Zehr (2015), Fernandes & Silva (2021), Watanabe (2022), and Bobbio (2004) to demonstrate that RJ expands the concept of access to justice by promoting inclusion, recognition, and reparation. Its pedagogical and political dimensions are explored, emphasizing empathy, dialogue, and active listening as tools for collective emancipation. Sociological and anthropological interfaces — drawing on Durkheim (1999) and Geertz (1997) — reveal RJ's potential to strengthen organic solidarity and value local knowledge. In the legal sphere, RJ is understood as an instrument of democratization and humanization of justice, capable of empowering communities and realizing human rights. The article concludes that RJ is a social justice project in motion, aimed at rebuilding community bonds and overcoming exclusionary practices, paving the way toward a fairer, more supportive, and humane society.

Keywords: Restorative Justice; Social Justice; Human Rights; Access to Justice; Culture of Peace.