Estimativa de custos para reflorestamento de áreas de pastagens degredadas no município de Jaru, estado de Rondônia, Brasil

Abstract

ABSTRAT -In Amazon region, particularly in the Rondonia state, which occupies the third position off ederativeunitswithhighest rate ofdeforestationuntil 2021, causingenormeousimpactsbeyond its territoryandbiome, withtheencouragementofcolonizationprogamsFederal’sGovernmentsince 1970’s, it suffereddamagetothhebiomeofthelargest tropical forest in world, in extensiveanddiverseway, withemphasisonmunicipalitiesofRondoniastate, Brazil, amongthemJaru’smunicipality, where BR-364providedgreat social andenvironmentalinfluence. It hasgonethroughseveralalteracionof its vegetation, thebeginingofcolonizationofthe region. Thesechangescausedabout 70% ofnativeforestloss, causingseveralproblems, such as thewater’slossquantityandquality, riversiltationandsoilimpoverishment, amongothers. However, a difficultythat rural producers face in recoveringdegraded áreas in lackofreferencesfotthepreparationofDegradeted Area Recovery Programs  (DARPs) alsotehelackofvaluationoncostsnecessarytorecoverone hectare ofdegraded áreas. Thus, theobjectiveofthisstudywasto prepare a DARP withestimatedcosts for recovery per hecyareofthe tropical forestareabydeforestationandfires for conversionofland use in agroindustryandextensivelivestockprojects, in Municipalityof Jaru, inserted in a regionof médium degradation, whichoccupiesthethird position in listofBrasilianstatesthatdeforestthemost, belongingtothe Legal Amazon. Basedandadaptedto DARP model recommendedby IBAMA (2011, updated in 2018), a silvopastoral-typewasprepared, sincethemaineconomicactivityofmunicipalityislivestock, whithdurationofthree Years. In possessionofthevaluesreserched for each item of DARP, thecostofrecoveringone hectare ofgegradedpasturewasesimatedwith a final valueof R$ 28,591.90 beingfound,and for implementationphase( firstyear) it estimated a costof R$ 19,434.00, correspondingto 68% ofthe total, andmaintenaceduringtwosubsequentyearsR$ 9,157.90 correspondingto 32%.  The presente studyalowedustoconcludethatagroforest system ofthesilvopastoraltype, whetherreforestationmadewithnativespeciesoftypicalbiomeofregionwhere it isinstalledorotherspeciesalongwithbeefordairyfarming,it’s more profitablethanconventionallivestock systembeefordairyfarming,whereonly forages withouttrees are planted, Alsoconsiderthebenefits for environmentalpreservation.Silvipastoral systems are multifunctional, Where thereisthepossibilityofintensifyingproductionthroughtheintegrated management of natural resources, preventingtheirdegradation, in aditiontorecoveringtheirproductivecapacity. For example, raisinganimalswithscatteredtrees in thepasture, treesonborders, linesor in windbreakbarrierscanreduceerosion, improve waterconservation, reducetheneed for mineral fertilizers, capture andfix carbono,diversifyproduction, increase income andbiodiversty,and improve animal comfort.